Employment Law for Animal Care & Service Workers Essay

Strategy Implementation Procter Gamble Company

Procedure Implementation Procter Gamble Company Procter and Gamble Company (PG) is USs driving creator of family unit purchaser items. With its base camp in Downtown Cincinnati Ohio, PG is likewise a Fortune 500 American global company profoundly perceived for a chain of business advancements (Katrina, 1999.p.146). PG for example has been respected for viable brand the executives and the dramas. The organization has activities portrayal in at any rate 80 nations universally giving a scope of items in differing classes including; magnificence care, medicinal services, child care, refreshments, home consideration, and snacks among others (Griffin, 2006.p.138). Corporate system is each companys apparatus for upper hand accomplishment. This paper attempts to assess how corporate technique and other basic changes affected on PGs upper hand since the 1990s. Explicit center is coordinated toward the key changes that happened in the organization during the 1990s and the commitment made by Al Lafley in his multi year residency at PG. PG organization was shaped with aim of giving quality marked items and administrations for the purchasers in the worldwide market. As a benefit organization, it planned for winning buyers in the serious market condition through misusing fantastic authority, quality and worth help arrangement. PG began in 1837 as an association between William Procter and James Gamble to fabricate and sell candles and cleanser. Today, PG has more than 300 brands promoted and sold in over 160counties over the globe. PG has 16 of her key items creating income in overabundance of $1 billion every year. These items incorporate; Ariel, Downy, and Tide (clothing items); Actonel (for osteoporosis treatment); Always (ladylike insurance); Bounty (paper towels); Charmin (restroom tissue); Crest (toothpaste); Folgers (espresso); Iams (pet food); Olay (healthy skin item); Pampers (diapers); Pringles (bites); and Head Shoulders, Pantene, and Wella (hair care items) (Katrina, 1999.p.146). Perusing PGs organization history, the organization had performed very well over the ears since its commencement, beating market difficulties (social, financial and political) through prudent brand the board and inventive procedures until brand value difficulties rose in the late 1980s and mid 1990s. A portion of the prior triumphs of PG Company included; quick development and extension during the 1850s in the midst of solid rivalry, thriving during the common war time frame during which her rivals yields dove, the presentation of imaginative representative advantages in 1903 consequently turning into a famous worker advantage programs pioneer, and the exclusive one brand the executives introduction of 1931 which made brand the board at PG become an apparatus to be repeated by different organizations (Boyer, 2009.p.494). PG Company was additionally ready to effectively dodge around the Great despondency to develop for all intents and purposes solid. With radio assuming a key job to convey PG data into homes at that point, PG started sponsorship of radios serials in 1933 which were later alluded to as dramas Her popularity for bundling aptitude earned PG a military application by government to regulate Ordinance plants development and tasks. Discussing the triumphs at PG can not be finished without referencing the Companys post World War II development marvel that was energized by the presentation of a manufactured cleanser (Tide) in 1946 which acquired a total move the material washing patterns at that point. Putting resources into further research and the taking advantage of securing technique made PG to stay on benefit making hub over years since the 1950s (Redmond, 2010.p.162). In the late 1980s and mid 1990s, the debilitating of economy combined with the subsequent shopper esteem predisposition began to debilitate the brand value for PG. These events supported execution of private names in both wellbeing and excellence lines. PG reacted to this danger by propelling Every Day Low Pricing (EDLP) procedure to instigate customers while actualizing special payoffs for wholesalers. The EDLP secured 50-60%of the companys item extend which included; spoils and Luvs diapers, Cascade dish cleanser, and Jif nutty spread. Despite the fact that the Company procedure was met by blended responses in with certain retailers dismissing it, numerous others bolstered the Companies esteem cognizant situating endeavors. With this help, PG really made great reserve funds from exchange advancements which were then furrowed go into direct showcasing exercises intended to connect with some objective gatherings for restricted market base brands through the coupon and test programs. The objective items for the program included Pampers, Clearasil, and Oil of Olay (Harmon, 2003.p.352). PG likewise joined the green fleeting trend of natural promoting by selection of diminished bundling system which saw the organization give amassed item definitions in moderately littler bundles, just as top off packs applied for 38 of the companys marks across 17 nations during the 1990s. In July 1991, PG obtained the global Max Factor and Betrix lines from Revlon, Inc., in this manner extending PGs nearness in makeup and aromas. As a component of her technique to accomplish important development, PG likewise stripped her property in those zones the organization considered to have grown out of. For example, in 1992, PG sold practically half of her cellulose and claims to fame mash exchange to Weyerhaeuser Company (Katrina, 1999.p.147). Vertical incorporation had been seen to have helped PG build up her paper items before. Be that as it may, with time, things had change and he 1990s saw unbeneficial and diverting woodland exchange. In this way in 1992, PG chose to auction the Italian espresso business to permit more concentrate on the center European brands. The Companys methodology was to take advantage of the settled provincial markets through presentation of dish European bundled, marked and promoted items. In the following segment, this paper investigates PGs major restructurings and Acquisitions sought after in mid to late 1990s period (Griffin, 2006.p.138). The fundamental destinations of PG as of now were to improve its upper hand in the market through different planned procedures and strategy alternatives. Explicit objectives for the organization included; guaranteeing that her image name items turned out to be more cost serious with the goal that they could viably contend the private name and nonexclusive brands in the market; improving productivity so items arrive at the market aster, and expanding the companys net revenues. To accomplish, these, PG sought after various cost cutting arrangement measures including ending up of 30 of her worldwide plants and laying off 12% of her all out workforce (13000 employments). The assessed cost of the rebuilding program was $2.4 billion and the evaluated gathered reserve funds for the organization were to a tune of over $600 million. Along with these, the program raised the companys total compensation edges from 7.3% to 10.2% in 1994 and 1998 separately (Dana, 1997.p.D1). The rebuilding time frame was to arrive at its zenith in 1997. Be that as it may, over the span of the rebuilding procedure, PG expanded its pace for acquisitions, making an impressive number of acquisitions in the period, some of which were very fruitful, while some turned into a major disappointment. These acquisitions included: the 1994 acquisition of Vereinigte Papierwerke Schickedanz AGs European tissue unit with intend to wander into European tissue and towel exchange. PG additionally procured Giorgio Beverly Hills, Incs notoriety scent business. During that year 1994, when the US lifted the current assents, PG wandered once again into the South African market and thusly changed its geographic administration system in 1995; allotting its activities into two (in particular US and International) with four areas altogether (for example Asia, North America, Latin America, and Europe/Middle East/Africa). Simultaneously, IN July 1995, the organization authority (CEO) changed hands fr om Artzt to Pepper. Durk I. Jager (Harmon,2003.p.352). It was during 1996 that PG purchased the Eagle Snacks brand that that was before then a property of Anheuser-Busch. Different brands bought that year included; the Latin American brands Lavan San family cleaner and Magia Blanca dye and Baby Fresh of US. Maybe the most noteworthy occasion of 1996 for this organization was the getting of endorsement from the U.S Food Drug Administration (FDA) to utilize the dubious olestra (Boyer, 2009.p.494). Olestra was a fat substitute to be applied in bites and wafers. PG had spent about $250 million to lead look into about olestra and when FDA was supporting the item, a specification had just been coursed by FDA that a name must be joined to any food with these substance in it to caution general society of conceivable gastrointestinal reactions. This affected intensely on the items capacity to pick up advertise, and even with purposeful test promoting endeavors, items with olestra never at any point got on in the market. Over the long haul, Olestra was announced one of PGs greatest item disappointments in the companys history (Boyer, 2009.p.494). After securing of Tambrands, Inc. furthermore, the Tampax tampons line in 1997, PG propelled another rebuilding plan in 1998 and named it Organization 2005. This was after PG had neglected to understand the 1996 set objectives of multiplying benefits to $70 billion by 2005 from the then $35 billion. The determined development rate must be 7 yearly, however the genuine acknowledged development rate was just 4% henceforth benefits had deteriorated around $37.5 billion figure. PG in this manner intended to make a basic move from the 1995 Organization focused model (of four locales) to a one focused model with seven specialty units characterized on product offering premise. The product offerings were as per the following; Tissues Towels, Baby Care, Fabric Home Care, Beauty Care, Feminine Protection, , Health Care Corporate New Ventures, and Food Beverage (Katrina, 1999.p.146). These progressions were essential to PG since they planned for accomplishing higher development and speed through the store

How a Phrenology Head Was Traditionally Used

How a Phrenology Head Was Traditionally Used History and Biographies Print How a Phrenology Head Was Traditionally Used By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on April 22, 2019 Myron / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Phrenology heads or busts  were used by phrenologists to perform skull readings that supposedly revealed information about a persons character and tendencies. A Brief History of Phrenology During the late 1700s, a physician names Frances Gall proposed that the bumps on a persons head could be linked to their intellectual faculties and personality. While this is now viewed entirely as pseudoscience,  phrenology  actually became quite popular for a time. In an edition of Websters Dictionary dated circa 1900, phrenology was defined as: Science of the special functions of the several parts of the brain, or of the supposed connection between the faculties of the mind and the organs in the brainPhysiological hypothesis that mental faculties and traits of character are shown on the surface of the head or skull; craniology Regions of the Phrenology Head The phrenology head seen above shows a number of different regions of the brain linked to different personality characteristics. In most classic examples of phrenology busts, there were  35 different regions of the head, which were linked to the faculties listed below: AmativenessPhiloprogenitivenessConcentrativeness; structivenessAdhesivenessCombativenessDestructivenessSecretivenessAcquisitivenessConstructivenessSelf-esteemLove of ApprobationCautiousnessBenevolenceVenerationFirmnessConscientiousnessHopeWonderIdealityWitImitationIndividualityFormSizeWeightColoringLocalityNumberOrderEventualityTimeTuneLanguageComparisonCausality How a Phrenology Reading Traditionally Worked During a skull reading, a phrenologist would carefully feel the individuals head and make note of bumps and indentations. The phrenologist would compare these findings to that of a phrenology bust in order to determine what the surface of the skull had to say about the individuals natural aptitudes, character, and tendencies. Obviously, while phrenology heads and charts can be a fun and interesting way to look at a curious chapter in  psychologys history, they are not something to be taken seriously. Scientists discredited phrenology by the mid-1800s, although phrenology readings continued to have moments of popularity during the late 1800s and early 1900s. While phrenology was eventually shown to be pseudoscience, the idea that certain abilities might be linked to specific areas of the brain did have an influence on the field of  neurology  and the study of the localization of brain functions.   Today, phrenology is regarded as a pseudoscience along the same lines as palm reading and astrology.

Shirley Jackson s The Lottery - 991 Words

In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery†, we observe a community that is absorbed in their rituals and traditions. In this society, they feel bound to their traditions and are even willing to abandon some of humanity’s deepest morals. The basic question of right and wrong is presented as our morals are disregarded in Jackson’s tradition based society. Their past is what they look towards when regarding their future. This community feels tied to their fading tradition and refuses to evolve even when everyone around them is. Consequently, they have become numb to the acts they commit countless times. Every generation is ingrained with these ideals and are expected to never waver from them. The wooden box has been in existence for as longer†¦show more content†¦Compared to the rest of the community he seems higher in the hierarchy and more clean cut. He is professional during the entire course of the lottery and even more so when Mrs. Hutchison is the one about to be stoned. The people stoning Mrs. Hutchison are not only symbolic of religion, but the community’s connection to this act of murder. Stoning is prevalent throughout the history of Christianity. The stones are used to represent an ancestral way of committing murder or expelling someone. This further reinforces just how dependent this community is on their past. In the stoning, everyone is encouraged to participate from young to old as â€Å"someone gave little Davy Hutchison few pebbles† (Jackson 7). From a young age, these people are taught that their tradition is morally acceptable and absolutely necessary. Through the act of stoning, killing someone becomes a group effort and therefore no single person can take on the blame. Their morals can be more subdued if there is less for them to feel guilty towards. With this in mind, no one is observed refraining from stoning Mrs. Hutchison. However, with the huge crowd, they could likely decide against it and no one would be aware. Mrs. Hutchison herself is a symbol of this ingrained tradition and how the community has refused to evolve. Her first acts of rebellion are arriving late to the event and displaying an attitude as she grabs her paper. Towards the end, we see her becoming moreShow MoreRelatedShirley Jackson s The Lottery896 Words   |  4 PagesShirley Jackson wrote a short story called The Lottery. It was about small village and its village people of roughly around 300 people and every year they have a tradition where all the townspeople gather around a black box and have to pull a piece of paper out to see what family was to draw again. Then once the family was picked they had to put as many pieces of paper in the box as they have in their family and do it all over again. Once every family member picked out of the box, they had to openRead MoreShirley Jackson s The Lottery1872 Words   |  8 Pagesword lottery, they think about someone winning a desirable prize. Unfortunately, this is not the case in a small American town that Shirley Jackson introduces us to in her novel, The Lottery. In this novel, readers get to know a patriarch community that takes part in an unusual annual tradition. In this tradition, the town gathers to play a game. The head of each family in the town draws a slip from a black box. One of the slips in the black box contains a black dot. This game is the town s formRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesMichael Espinoza English 1302-5003 Professor Johnson June 22, 2015 Research-Based Argument Essay Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† Born on December 14, 1916, in San Francisco, California, Shirley Jackson was an American author whose novels and short stories are still relevant today. Jackson grew up in California and moved East with her family when she was 17 years old. She began her college career at the University of Rochester, withdrew for one year to practice her writing skills at homeRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery 880 Words   |  4 PagesShirley Jackson uses irony as a theme to create this almost perfect story where there is an unexpected twist. Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† is sickening, horrific and intense. This shocking story is about a small town that has all the members’ participate in an annual lottery. Unlike all normal lotteries the winner receives death by stoning rather than a cash prize, as the story advance Tessie places her children in danger to have a better chance at survival. This lottery seems to have no limitRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery 1883 Words   |  8 Pagescheer by following the festivities of tradition. Whether it is decorating a tree, lighting up the menorah or preparing for the karamu feast, these events serve as a celebration for the end of the year and preserve their culture. In Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery†, the villagers from an unknown town perform an action to preserve their culture. This small, homely and rural area believe that if they commit a certain deed annually, good crops will be bestowed upon them. The event happens onRead MoreMarxist Shirley Jackson s The Lottery1113 Words   |  5 Pagesfar more harmful traditions such as killings. Marxist Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† is a frightening example of what happens when society can only distinguish two classes, specifically the oppressed working class and the wealthy class. This is made clear through the characterization of the higher class, as we ll as the lower class, and the effects within the norms of a social construct that has led them to carry out the lottery without second guessing its justification. As the story progressesRead MoreAn Analysis Of Shirley Jackson s They Lottery 878 Words   |  4 Pagesstory, â€Å"They Lottery† by Shirley Jackson, the absence of tradition can make some uneasy. The story reflects conformity by the villagers with a bizarre ritual that suggests how dangerous tradition can be when people follow it blindly. Every June 27th, the villagers of a quaint town believe the prize of winning an annual lottery is sacrificing one of their own to ensure a good harvest. They are so blasà © about the event they agree to â€Å"get it over with† so they â€Å"can go back to work† (Jackson 92). TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery 894 Words   |  4 Pagesinto something magnificent is what author Shirley Jackson achieved with her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. The short story is a brilliant view on tradition. What is normally thought to be a game of joy and winnings is turned into a horrifying ritual that has been blindly executed throughout the years with little reasoning behind it. Though multiple themes tend to arise in stories such as this, the theme â€Å"Fear of change† is the most obvious idea that Jackson seemed to want to get across to the audienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Shirley Jackson s The Lottery Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pages Shirley Jack son is able to convey a deeper understanding of sexism, misogyny, patriarchy, and various gender roles implied by society through the illustration of a corrupt tradition. By breaking down these core concepts in a way which the reader can better comprehend, both Gayle Whittier and Fritz Oehlschlaeger are able to emphasize misogyny and the unfair treatment of women within the short story â€Å"The Lottery.† The patriarchal society is pronounced in the very first few paragraphs of the taleRead MoreSymbolism : A Warn Path, And Shirley Jackson s `` The Lottery ``1636 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism has been used for hundreds of years it has been used to help writers express different elements of their work. Katherine Mansfield the author of â€Å"Miss Brill,† Eudora Welty author of the short story â€Å"A Warn Path,† and Shirley Jackson author of â€Å"The Lottery† all use symbolism wonderfully in their work. They all use symbolism in a different way but they all use this process to help describe a deeper thought or meaning behind elements of their work. Symbolism is putting a symbolic meaning behind

Essay on An Evaluation of Grease - 1310 Words

An Evaluation of Grease My film that I choose was Grease because it contains music, dancing and humor. It is a cross between comedy and teen movies. It is a tribute to the Broadway show of the 1950s. It was directed by Randal Klieser and was released on July 7th 1978. The music and dance scenes are what attracted me to Grease. My favorite characters are John Travolta and Jeff Conaway who play Danny and Kenickie. I like these two because they are your typical high school popular boys who are always looking out for each other, looking good and they are always trying to get the beautiful girls but at the same time acting cool like it doesnt bother them. I had high expectations of Grease and I†¦show more content†¦Secondly genre is the French word meaning type. Genres may be approached by way of various critical avenues. In the Aristotelian strain we recognize genres as kinds within a system of classification. These categories beg further definition, so there is a history of, on the one hand, the re finement of divisions and subdivisions, and on the other a Platonic search for the essential qualities of tragedy, comedy, epic poetry, and so forth. By the recognition of genres we begin to find our way in the universe of verbal artifacts with their feigned discourses, and to train our expectations upon the experience that lies in wait for us. Greases genre is a hybrid genre because it is a cross between a comedy, a teen movie and romantic. Lastly representation is the act of representing or the state of being represented. Also it is something that represents an image, an account or statement, an expostulation or a presentation or production. For example the representation of the characters in Grease varies. Sandy is portrayed as a pure and innocent girl but on the other hand Rizzo is portrayed as a bad girl who is always getting into trouble and wont take anything from no one. Also Rizzo is sometimes mean to SandyShow MoreRelatedAccounting Procedures For Problem Evaluation Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pages2.4 PROCEDURES FOR PROBLEM EVALUATION In general, the problems detailed in the EPA manual are those most commonly encountered. However, the procedures mentioned in the EPA manual can be used for any type of problem evaluation. The first step in problem evaluation is to determine if the plant is meeting design performance standards by comparing its effluent quality and overall removal efficiencies with those specified by the design. If the plant does not routinely meet performance specificationsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Grease1547 Words   |  7 PagesGrease: The Journey of Adolescence. The movie Grease is about seniors at Rydell High School who are trying to find who they want to be while not giving up the identity they have already formed. Finding love while trying not to look weak for having emotions. Sandy, played by Olivia Newton John, is a teen who moved to Rydell after having a romantic summer fling with a boy named Danny, played by John Travolta. When she arrived at Rydell, Sandy found that Danny attended the school as well but acted nothingRead More Movie Analysis of Grease Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesMovie Analysis of Grease In this paper I am going to write about the movie â€Å"Grease.† Specifically, on the two main characters Sandy and Danny. I will be describing and analyzing their interpersonal communication, but mainly on the conflict of their communication. At the beginning they Sandy Danny start off with a great relationship. They meet at the beach during summer break. Thinking they would never see each other again they went their separate ways. But Sandy ends up moving and goesRead MoreDifferent Background Of Wastewater Treatment Essay2142 Words   |  9 Pagesand tertiary treatment. Preliminary treatment consists solely in separating the floating materials like dead animals, the branches, papers, pieces of rags, wood and also the heavy settleable inorganic solids. It also helps in removing the oils and greases from the wastewater. Primary treatment consists in removing large suspended solids. This is usually accomplished by sedimentation in settling basins. Secondary treatment involves further treatment of the effluent, coming from the primary sedimentationRead MoreImplementing An International Code Of Ethics Essay2172 Words   |  9 Pagessuch as China allow bribes and gifts to Chinese officials to establish connections. This is something that is not unique to China, and is quite common across the world. In other countries, it is expected that the company will pay additional money to â€Å"grease† the gears so the end goal, such as a business license, will be processed more quickly. Both of these things are frequently looked at as unethical, and in som e cases illegal, which causes a conflict between a corporation’s ethics and business practicesRead MoreComparison Of Lubricants And Development Of Optimization Model Of Rolling Mill1931 Words   |  8 Pagesconditions. Likewise, manufacturers of machinery frequently need to test the performance of alternative lubrications in order to determine the formulation that will enable their products to deliver the best performance and life. In the past, lubricant evaluation was typically based on intuition and experience. Today’s requirements for products to run faster, longer, and more efficiently make it essential to use a scientific approach in lubricant development and application. This paper summarizes and reviewsRead MoreWrite Up1033 Words   |  5 Pagesenhanced when people in these professional organizations are impressed by the fact that she works for LJI. This identity of an accountant is very important to her. 2) What indicated Catherin’s positive evaluation of the groups described in Part 1 of the case? How did her evaluations foster her social identity? There are numerous references of Catherine finding LJI to be a perfect match. She mentions â€Å"I like the way this place feels and I would love to come work here every day†, as wellRead MoreThe Solution For Pollution Mitigation Essay2082 Words   |  9 Pagesand tertiary treatment. Preliminary treatment consists solely in separating the floating materials like dead animals, the branches, papers, pieces of rags, wood and also the heavy settleable inorganic solids. It also helps in removing the oils and greases from the wastewater. Primary treatment consists in removing large suspended solids. This is usually accomplished by sedimentation in settling basins. Secondary treatment involves further treatment of the effluent, coming from the primary sedimentationRead MoreThe Futuristic Reality Of American Obesity820 Words   |  4 Pagesproducts due to the prominence of massive industrial farms that produce America’s primary food supply. This encourages unhealthy and fatty foods (soda, bread, grease fried foods, etc.) to flood the food markets for greater profits due to the lower costs of food production. In my opinion, Fed Up provides a systemic and comprehensive evaluation of the food chain, which reveals the realistic trend of industrial farming as a dangerous threat to human nutrition. Soechtig’s approach to filmmaking revealsRead MoreFacilitating Payments And Its Complications During Foreign Corrupt Practice Act Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pagesfrom the ethical relativism point of view: when in Rome, do as the Roman’s do. The doctrine of knowledge and morality exist within the cultural context, and therefore, are not absolute. â€Å"An argument that the only appropriate standard of ethical evaluation is those of the culture within which the action to be judged is found.† This argument is centralized on the fact that there are parts of the world that bribery is a common occurrence. They are considered to be cultural norms and should be respected

Flood Free Essays

Flood Essay The Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis are ancient texts that were widely read and are continually examined today. Although both stories discuss global floods enforced by the gods, there are both similarities and differences of time, historical background and context, the way the stories are told, and the animals and people on board the arks. These two stories have similar plots that involve the lessons that teach one to embrace the reality of their mortality, to do right, and stay on the straight and narrow which will lead to reward. We will write a custom essay sample on Flood or any similar topic only for you Order Now In modern day life, these morals are still enforced and can lead to success, good fortune, and honor. The two floods incorporate long, treacherous processes to gain lengthened life. Utnapishtim from The Epic of Gilgamesh and Noah from the Bible portray the benefits of sacrifices made. The Epic of Gilgamesh was written around 2000 B. C. , while the oldest parts of the Old Testament of the Bible were written around 1000 B. C. This suggests that â€Å"The Story of the Flood,† from Genesis, was based off the original â€Å"Story of the Flood† from The Epic of Gilgamesh. In correspondence with time, the duration of the flood was a precise period of time in both texts. However, in The Epic of Gilgamesh, â€Å"For 6 days and 6 nights, the winds blew, torrents and tempests and the flood overwhelmed the world,† and in Genesis, â€Å"†¦the rain was upon the earth for 40 days and 40 nights,† (7:12). The time it took to build the ark was approximately seven days for Utnapishtim and up to one hundred years for Noah. The time period that these two renowned pieces of literature were written are important parts of information that affect the historical background and context. The historical contexts of the two works are similar in the sense that both stories took place in the Middle East. However, after the flood, the ark was grounded on Mount Nisir in The Epic of Gilgamesh while it was grounded on Mount Ararat in Genesis. The Epic of Gilgamesh specifically takes place in Mesopotamia, one of the first civilizations, which explains why this epic was the oldest work of Sumerian literature. Both stories were passed down and continually reshaped. The Epic of Gilgamesh was reshaped by Babylonians and preserved in an Assyrian King’s library. Although both of the texts were narratives, The Epic of Gilgamesh was written in first person point of view, told by Utnapishtim, and Genesis was written in third person point of view. The authors of both stories are undetermined because The Epic of Gilgamesh does not have a determined single author and many people believe the Bible to be â€Å"the word of God. The two pieces of literature have many constant underlying similarities. In relation to the animals and people on board the ark, there are common occurrences with slight variations. A man was chosen to survive both floods. Utnapishtim in The Epic of Gilgamesh, explained to Gilgamesh, â€Å"Ea because of his oath warned me in a dream. He whispered their words to my house of reeds, ‘†¦tear down your house and build a boat, abandon possessions and look for life, despise worldly goods and save your soul alive. † On the other hand, Noah was told to â€Å"make thee an ark,† (6:14) because â€Å"†¦Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord,† (6:8) and was â€Å"perfect in his generations, and Noah walked with God,† (6:9). Both men could bring others upon the ark. Utnapishtim says â€Å"I loaded into her all that I had of gold and of living things, my family, my kin, the beasts of the field both wild and tame, and all the craftsmen,† while God informs Noah that â€Å"thou shalt come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons’ wives with thee,† (6:18). Utnapishtim and Noah each brought a male and female of each animal, but in Genesis, Noah took â€Å"†¦every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by the sevens†¦ and of beasts that are not clean by two. † Man and mankind as a whole were the reasons behind the flood. Specifically, â€Å"The uproar of mankind [was] intolerable and sleep [was] no longer possible by reason of the babel. † in The Epic of Gilgamesh, and, â€Å"†¦God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart were only evil continually,† (6:5), in the Bible. Once the floods ended, both men sent birds to test for land; a dove, swallow, and then a raven from Utnapishtim and a raven and dove from Noah were used. After the flood, both heroes made sacrifices. Utnapishtim â€Å"†¦threw everything open to the four winds, made a sacrifice and poured out a libation on the mountain top,† using the seven cauldrons, and Noah â€Å"†¦builded an altar unto the Lord; and took of every clean beast, and of every clean foul, and offered burnt offerings on the altar,† (8:20). The gods in both stories smelled the â€Å"sweet savor,† protruding from the sacrifices. The two stories discussing the destructive floods put into action by the gods portray the morals learned by Utnapishtim and Noah. These morals include: coming to an understanding of their mortality, embracing their humanity, and being rewarded for doing something right. After both floods, the chosen men were granted an â€Å"extension of life† or â€Å"ensured safety. † Utnapishtim was granted immortality in The Epic of Gilgamesh. God made a promise to Noah of the Bible, â€Å"I will not again curse the ground any more for man’s sake†¦ neither will I again smite any more every living thing, as I have done,† and â€Å"I will establish my covenant in you, [Noah],† (9:11). This covenant, or promise, was established in Noah and symbolized by a rainbow. The variations of historical background and context, the way the stories are told, and the animals and people on board the arks illuminate how stories with similar plots, archetypes, symbols, themes, and underlying ideas can still differ from one another and also share many similarities. How to cite Flood, Papers

Unification Theory Essays - Particle Physics, Elementary Particles

Unification Theory Unification Theory In particle physics, an attempt to explain all of the fundamental forces and their relationships between elementary particles in single framework was accomplished in theory by the g.u.t. by the grand unification theory. In relation to physics these forces can be described as fields that mediate interactions between separate or distant objects. These theories such as eltromagnetism and general relativity started to attempt the unification of theories, however they would emerge as the fundamental basics of the g.u.t. Or the grand unification theory. At sub atomic levels, these fields are described as quantum field theories, which started the ideas of quantum mechanics. In the 1940's the ideas quantum electrodynamics (QED), the quantum field theory of electromagnetism, became fully developed. In QED, charged particles interact as they emit and absorb photons (minute packets of electromagnetic radiation), in effect exchanging the photons in a game of subatomic catch. This theory has become the prototype for theories of the other forces. During the 1960s and '70s particle physicists discovered that matter is composed of two types of basic building block--the fundamental particles known as quarks and leptons. The quarks are always bound together within larger observable particles, such as protons and neutrons. They are bound by the short-range strong force, which overwhelms electromagnetism at sub nuclear distances. The leptons, which include the electron, do not feel the strong force. However, quarks and leptons both experience a second nuclear force, the weak force. This force, which is responsible for certain types of radioactivity classed together as beta decay, is feeble in comparison with electromagnetism. At the same time that the picture of quarks and leptons began to crystallize, major advances led to the possibility of developing a unified theory. Theorists began to invoke the concept of local gauge invariance, which postulates symmetries of the basic field equations at each point in space and time. Both electromagnetism and general relativity already involved such symmetries, but the important step was the discovery that a gauge-invariant quantum field theory of the weak force had to include an additional interaction--namely, the electromagnetic interaction. Sheldon Glashow and peers independently proposed a unified electro weak? theory these forces based on the exchange of four particles: the photon for electromagnetic interactions, and two charged W particles and a neutral Z particle for weak interactions. During the 1970s a similar quantum field theory for the strong force, called quantum thermodynamics (QCD), was developed. In QCD, quarks interact through the exchange of particles called gluons. The aim of researchers now is to discover whether the strong force can be unified with the electro weak force in a grand unified theory (GUT). There is evidence that the strengths of the different forces vary with energy in such a way that they converge at high energies. However, the energies involved are extremely high, more than a million times as great as the energy scale of electro weak unification, which has already been verified by many experiments. Grand unified theories describe the interactions of quarks and leptons within the same theoretical structure. This gives rise to the possibility that quarks can decay to leptons and specifically that the proton can decay. Early attempts at a GUT predicted that the proton's lifetime must be in the region of 1032 years. This prediction has been tested in experiments that monitor large amounts of matter containing on the order of 1032 protons, but there is no evidence that protons decay. If they do in fact decay, they must do so with a lifetime greater than that predicted by the simplest GUTs. There is also evidence to suggest that the strengths of the forces do not converge exactly unless new effects come into play at higher energies. One such effect could be a new symmetry called supersymetry, which is part of the g.u.t. Bibliography i am the man